Paul Watzlawick in his book entitled " Change: formulation and solution of human problems " (1974), produced together with John H. Weakland and Richard Fisch , Presents us with two types of change. The first is the change that occurs within a given system, a change that does not question the paradigms, mental models from reality where we want to change. Other authors refer to this type of change as "first order learning."
The second type of change is involved in changing the system itself, the way we approach the situation that concerns us. The second change involves changing the "observer" that we adopt a different look from other premises.
With this foundation builds its reflection, in which he emphasized that "advocating for change is the deviation from a norm." In line with other approaches to the phenomenon of change, is the consideration that the current state of things is not desirable, to generate the momentum needed change.
This opens an interesting line of thought to ask, "not desirable" for whom? What makes this situation is not desirable for someone? However, in introducing these questions are located to change key of the second type as it makes us wonder about the framework in which we are situated to define a problem.
In this line, following the discussion of Watzlawick, problems arise in situations that are unwanted face "dead ends , seemingly intractable situations, crisis management., created and maintained the focus wrong difficulties. " This approach can arise from inadequate three types approaches:
- solution was attempted to deny that the problem is actually , which leads precisely to do nothing to resolve it. For example, although surveys show a significant degree of dissatisfaction among our workers that is due to have responded particularly angry or any other argument which claims that this problem does not exist.
- a change is attempted to remove a difficulty from the practical point of view is either nonexistent unchangeable, which leads to things that should not have done. An example can be taken into prohibitionist policies regarding alcohol or other drugs.
- error is committed approach by attempting to generate a change in the paradigms that have led to difficulty (change of type 1), when what is needed is a change of perspective (change of type 2). An example of this situation we have it in the story of how NASA spent an enormous budget to find a pen can write in a 0-gravity environment, while its competitors Soviets opted for a pen.
So are the actions carried out to promote the change you want to modify a particular situation, which in turn generate a problem that may be even greater than the existing.
Another interesting aspect is that we face Watzlawick " the myth that to solve a problem is to understand its why." From clinical experience, and not just clinical, presents us how we can find deep and lasting changes that come without understanding the reasons that generated the problem or unwanted situation. In this sense, leads us to ask why not the what, but what is here and now serves to perpetuate the problem and what can be done here and now to change?. Peter Senge and systemic approaches speak of "change lever" system.
Finally, we posed four stages to address a problem:
clearly defined in concrete terms . What you ask is what is really the problem, who is a problem, how important is we, what are we willing to do to tackle ...
Research attempted solutions and, of so that we can identify what we know that does not work, what helps to keep the situation as it stands.
clearly define the specific change to be produced . Often the desired change is formulated in too vague and generic, making it much harder to achieve.
Develop and implement a plan to bring about that change , so it is clearly the pattern of action to take.
conclude with some inspiring quotes that appear in the book:
" As we pursue the unattainable, we make impossible the realizable " Ardrey.
" Any change is contradictory, so the contradiction is the very essence of reality " Heraclitus.
" not the things themselves that trouble us, but the views we have about them " Epictetus.
" The truth is not what we discover, but what we " Saint Exupéry.
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